Transforming Justice

The Rise of AI in Brazilian Courts

Abstract

This paper examines Artificial Intelligence (AI) implementation and evolution in the Brazilian judicial system from 2021 to 2023, focusing on institutional framework, governance, and applications. Analyzing data from the National Justice Council's (CNJ) AI project dashboards, we identified patterns in project development, survival rates, and categorical shifts in AI applications. Our findings reveal a 238% increase in AI projects, yet with a high mortality rate; over 65% were deprecated by 2023.
The research indicates an evolution from basic data classification applications towards more sophisticated uses like procedural intelligence and user-focused services. While initial projects targeted efficiency, newer ones demonstrate transformative potential, including novel mediation and fraud detection. The study also assesses the regulatory framework (CNJ Resolution n. 615/2025) and its adaptation to emerging technologies like generative AI. Despite progress, challenges persist in the coordinated development and strategic implementation of AI systems. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing cross-court collaboration, establishing impact-focused metrics, and monitoring the new regulatory framework to ensure AI improves efficiency, transparency, and access to Justice, while considering risks like algorithmic bias, data quality, and accountability. These findings also provide valuable insights for other judicial systems undertaking similar transformations, highlighting the need for strong governance and strategic coordination for a successful AI integration.