Data circulation between statistics agencies and journalists

Abstract

This study investigates how data circulate between statistics agencies and journalists, with particular attention to the role of dissemination strategies—especially press releases—in shaping news production. While much of the literature addresses data production and use, the dynamics of data circulation remain understudied. Drawing on a case study of the statistical agency of the state of São Paulo (SEADE) in Brazil, the paper analyzes all news articles published in 2024 that referenced SEADE data. Articles were categorized according to the level of influence of press releases: full reproductions (verbatim replication), value-added reproductions (with complementary analysis or context), or organically produced (independent of any press release). These were examined through the lenses of framing theory and journalistic role performance approach. Results show that 70% of the news articles were influenced by press releases, with a significant presence of the Loyal-Facilitator dimension, particularly in government-issued releases. National outlets were more likely to produce organic content, while local media— despite showing higher demand for statistical information—relied more heavily on press releases to produce their coverage. Thematic focus also varied: national journalists prioritized economic indicators, while local outlets focused more on labor statistics. The study also found that articles based on SEADE press releases more frequently incorporated added value, while those based on government releases were more likely to be reproduced verbatim. These patterns may indicate structural constraints, particularly in local newsrooms, and varying levels of data literacy among journalists. By mapping how official statistics circulate in the media ecosystem, the research highlights the importance of hybrid, user-centered dissemination strategies that combine traditional tools like press releases with open government data practices. Such approaches can broaden the reach and enhance the relevance of official statistics in journalism and public discourse. By demonstrating how a better understanding of data circulation helps statistical agencies tailor their dissemination practices, this study contributes to the Open Government Data literature and highlights how user-centered strategies can foster more meaningful and critical engagement with official data.