Heat Pump Solutions in Renovations of Multi-Storey Buildings

Abstract

EU set the target for deep renovation and for phasing out gas or oil-based heating systems to reach the ambitious climate goals. Although technical solutions for the renovation of multi-story residential buildings (i.e. window replacement, thermal insulation) and boiler replacement in central energy supply concepts already exist since several years, the renovation rate has been stagnating at a low level for years (well below 1% of the stock). This means that the ambitious climate protection goals in the building sector cannot be nearly achieved. Heat pump is a key technology also for building renovations to get rid of fossil fuel based technologies such as oil and gas boilers. In this study, a method is proposed targeting serial renovations of multi-apartment buildings. Simulations are performed deriving a guide to support decision-making considering both active and passive measures. Three energy renovation levels are applied in a building, located in Innsbruck, and several heating variants are implemented, which are categorised in central (one system per building), decentral (one system per apartment) and mixed. The calculated electricity consumption of the system to supply space heating and domestic hot water as well as the auxiliaries is used to rank the different solutions, resulting in a range between 19.7 kWh/(m2 a) and 44.8 kWh/(m2 a).